There is no written evidence that you are exactly who invented the phrase educational technology. Different teachers, scientists and philosophers were at different times different definitions of educational technology. Technology Education is a multifaceted and integrated to evaluate those people, processes, ideas, equipment and organization, where to implement the technology used in various fields of science only by the needs and requirements of education, and manage solutions to these problems in all aspects of human learning.
Educational technology, generally speaking, has gone through five stages.
The first stage of educational technology is the use of aids such as charts, maps, symbols, models, patterns and concrete materials coupled. The term educational technology has been used as a synonym for the audio-visual.
The second stage of educational technology is associated with the “electronic revolution” with the introduction and implementation of hardware and sophisticated software. Use different visual aids such as projectors, magic lanterns, tape recorder, radio and television has a revolutionary change in the educational scenario brought. Consequently, the concept of educational technology against these sophisticated instruments and devices for effective presentation of the materials had been taken.
The third stage of educational technology is linked to “communications revolution” for educational purposes with the development of mass media, which leads in turn. Used Assisted Instruction (CAI) on education since 1950 has also been very popular at this time.
The fourth stage of educational technology is characterized by the perceived process of individualized instruction is. The invention of learning and programmed instruction programmed provided a new dimension to educational technology. A self-learning on self-learning materials and teaching machines are based arose.
The final design of educational technology is through the concept of system engineering or system approach to language laboratories, teaching machines, programmed instruction, multimedia technologies and the use of focus affected computers in education. He said that educational technology is a systematic way, design, implementation and evaluation of the entire process of teaching and learning with regard to the specific objectives of the research are based.
Educational technology in the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age
Educational technology, despite the uncertainty about the origin of the term, may return in time to the periodization system be returned with three years of human history, namely the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age.
Duringthe Stone Age, the kindling of fire by rubbing stones, the manufacture of weapons in their hands and utensils made of stone and the practice of clothing some of the simple technological developments of the utmost importance. A portion of the population Stone Age technology developed ocean worthy vessels dugout to get from one place to another across the ocean, through which they developed their first formal education of knowledge of ocean currents to migrate weather conditions, sailing, space and sky charts. During the period of early Stone Age (Neolithic), for agricultural practice, polished stone tools from a variety of largely hard rock by digging underground tunnels, which can be viewed as first steps made of mining technology. The polished axes were so effective that even after the appearance of bronze and iron, that people accustomed to the deforestation and the development of agricultural crops.
Although the Stone Age cultures left no written records, but archaeological evidence has demonstrated the transition from nomadic to agricultural settlement. Old tools in various museums, cave paintings, like the cave of Altamira in Spain and other prehistoric art, like the Venus of Willendorf, Goddess Mother of the Laussel, France held, etc some of the evidence for their harvest.
Neolithic revolution of the Stone Age to the Bronze Age gave rise to the development of agriculture, the domestication of animals and adoption of permanent rules. For these people developed Bronze Age smelting, copper and later bronze practices are an alloy of tin and copper, the materials of their choice.
The people of the Iron Age replaced the Bronze and developed the knowledge of iron smelting technology to reduce the cost of living, since the iron utensils were stronger and cheaper than their equivalents in bronze. In many cultures of the Eurasian Iron Age, the last time before the development of scripts was written.
Educational technology at the time of the ancient civilizations
According to Paul Sättler 2004, educational technology back to the time when tribal priests systematized bodies of knowledge of ancient cultures invented pictographs or characters to capture in writing and submit information to be returned. In every stage of human civilization, we find a teaching technique or a series of procedures that a particular culture, which were also supported by numerous investigations and witness statements to implement. The most advanced culture, technology education has become more complex to particular forms of individual and social behavior should reflect a company formed to market. Over the centuries, every change in the transmission of values ??and goals to various learning technologies has led.
The greatest advances in technology and engineering came with the rise of ancient civilizations. These developments stimulated and brought up other companies in the world to live new species and governance.
The Indus civilization was a civilization of the Bronze Age in the northwestern Indian subcontinent was. Civilization mainly to the Indus basin of the Indus and the Punjab region, the Ghaggar-Hakra valley of the river Yamuna and the Ganges Doab extends flourished (the majority of Pakistan today and extends below the western states of India and parts of present-day civilization in southern Afghanistan, and the eastern part of Baluchistan, Iran).
There is a controversy in the long run to be sure the language of the Harappan people spoke. It is assumed that their writing was at least seems to be one or pictographs. The script seems to have about 400 base characters, with many variations. People write their scripts with the general direction, from right to left. Most of the writing was found on the seals, which were probably used in trade and official and administrative work.
Harappan people had to measure the knowledge of tools, length, mass and time. They were the first in the world to a system of uniform weights and measures to develop.
In a study by P. N. Rao et al. in 2009, published in Science, the researchers found that the computer of the Indus script-like model of spoken words, supporting the proposed hypothesis, that for a language as yet unknown.
According to the Chinese civilization, are some of the most important techno-China paper, at the beginning of the seismic detectors, toilet paper, matches, iron plow, the multi-tube seed drill, the suspension bridge, the wheelbarrow, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief, the blast furnace, the propeller, the crossbow, the southward-looking car, and gunpowder. With the invention of paper they gave their first step towards the development of educational technology continue to grow different products handmade paper as a means of visual aids.
Ancient Egyptian language was at one point one of the longest surviving and languages ??in the world. Your scenario is called hieroglyphics from photographs of real objects such as birds, animals, various tools, etc. These images are in the vernacular. Their language was more than 500 hieroglyphs that are known as hieroglyphics composed. On stone monuments or tombs, which offers discovered and rescued at the last evidence of the existence of many forms of art hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.
Educational technology during the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Paper, paperboard and pulp, that was in China during the second Century AD, developed at the beginning, was conducted in the Middle East and has expanded to the Mediterranean by the Muslim conquests. Prove that the support of a paper mill was also in the 12th Founded century in Sicily. The discovery of the wheel has risen again, the productivity of the process of acquisition of a large part, and when Lynn White said the Wheel: Increase the supply of rags, this led to the production of cheap paper, which was an important factor in the development of printing technology.
The invention of printing was in about 1450 AD by Johannes Gutenberg, German inventor instead. The invention of printing was an important factor of development in the history of educational technology teaching to the needs of society and deliver complex high-tech agriculture.
In the pre-industrial phase, while the only manual work in industry and crafts educational processes are strongly supported on simple things such as slate, horn book, slate and limestone. It was a textbook with a few simple illustrations limited. Educational technology is seen as synonymous with simple tools such as graphics and photos.
The year 1873 can be viewed as a milestone in the history of the beginnings of educational technology and audio-visual education. An exhibition in Vienna at an international level, has in an American school won the admiration of educators rather than for the exhibition of maps, charts, books and other equipment.
Maria Montessori (1870-1952), tutor to the children and the internationally renowned founder of the Montessori method was a dynamic impact on educational technology through the development of materials developed, calibrated to provide for the sequencing of the good subject for every student. Modern technology education proposes the extension of many idea Montessori environment for children who are centered.
In1833, presented the design of Charles Babbage, a general purpose computing device, the foundation of modern computing, and in 1943 the first calculating machine was built by Hello Design of International Business Machines Corporation of America. The computer-assisted instruction (CAI), where the computer functions was primarily as a teacher and author of Talking type developed by OK Moore in 1966. Since 1974, interest in teaching computers to schools, colleges and universities may be used.
In the early 19th Century, there were significant changes in the field of education. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), from the beginning of the school year programs in 1920, kept the fast pace of the contribution made by his formal education. In the United States in 1952, 20 states had regulations for educational broadcasting. Parallel to this point, about 98% of schools in Britain were equipped with radios and there were regular daily programs.
Sidney L. Pressey, a psychologist at Ohio State University has developed a self-learning machine called “Drum Tutor” in 1920. Professor Skinner, but called in “Science of Learning and the art of teaching” his famous article in 1945 published figures for the application of knowledge from behavioral psychology in the classroom procedures and propose mechanisms for Automated Learning as a means to do so.
Although the first practical application of the regular television was in Germany in 1929 and the 1936 Berlin Olympics were broadcast by television stations in Berlin, began the open-circuit television are used primarily for broadcasting entertainment programs in 1950. Since 1960, the television is used for educational purposes.
In 1950 used Brynmor, England, educational technology steps for the first time. It is to be treated in 1960, after the industrial revolution in America and Russia, started forward, other countries in the repository of educational technology. Took in this way at the beginning of educational technology in 1960 from America and Russia and now he reached England, Europe and India.
During the time of the order of 1950, a new technocracy attraction of turning point for education, if there is a sudden shortage of teachers in America, and an urgent need of educational technology was felt. Dr. Alvin C. Eurich and a little later, his partner, Dr. Alexander J. Stoddard led the technology of mass production in the U.S..
Team-teaching has its roots in America in the mid-1950s and in 1955 at Harvard University as part of the course start outline.
In 1956, Benjamin Bloom of the United States taxonomy of learning objectives established by their publication, “The Taxonomy of educational objectives, the classification of educational goals, Handbook I:. Cognitive Domain”
In 1961, Micro teaching method was first adopted by Dwight W. Allen and his colleagues at Stanford University in the United States.
The electronics are the main technologies in the early 21 A century. Broadband Internet access became popular and occupied almost all the important offices and places of education and even in everyday life in developed countries, with the advantage of linking computers at home with music libraries and mobile phones.
Classroom of today is more of a technology lab, a room with rows of students connected to the Internet or via Wi-Fi enabled laptops, PDAs, notebook, or perhaps visiting students a video conference or a virtual classroom or a podcast or a video to follow the conference have listened. Rapid technological changes in education have created new ways of teaching and learning. Technological change has also called on teachers to improve a variety of information via the Internet worldwide access to their lessons and make them professional body’s decision. At the same time, students can cope with the vast resources of the Internet to enrich their learning experiences, with the trend in society. One day the teacher and students in seminars, conferences, workshops nationally and internationally, multimedia, technological resources such as PowerPoint and they are pursuing a variety of important courses of their choice in the online mode by remote means of learning. E-learning institutions has countless doors of opportunity for the students of today happier than ever in her life opened before.
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