Educational technology, generally speaking, has gone through five stages.

The first stage of educational technology is the use of aids such as charts, maps, symbols, models, patterns and concrete materials coupled. The term educational technology has been used as a synonym for the audio-visual.

The second stage of educational technology is associated with the “electronic revolution” with the introduction and implementation of hardware and sophisticated software. Use different visual aids such as projectors, magic lanterns, tape recorder, radio and television has a revolutionary change in the educational scenario brought. Consequently, the concept of educational technology against these sophisticated instruments and devices for effective presentation of the materials had been taken.

The third stage of educational technology is linked to “communications revolution” for educational purposes with the development of mass media, which leads in turn. Used Assisted Instruction (CAI) on education since 1950 has also been very popular at this time.

The fourth stage of educational technology is characterized by the perceived process of individualized instruction is. The invention of learning and programmed instruction programmed provided a new dimension to educational technology. A self-learning on self-learning materials and teaching machines are based arose.

The final design of educational technology is through the concept of system engineering or system approach to language laboratories, teaching machines, programmed instruction, multimedia technologies and the use of focus affected computers in education. He said that educational technology is a systematic way, design, implementation and evaluation of the entire process of teaching and learning with regard to the specific objectives of the research are based.

Educational technology in the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age
Educational technology, despite the uncertainty about the origin of the term, may return in time to the periodization system be returned with three years of human history, namely the Stone Age, Bronze Age and Iron Age.

Duringthe Stone Age, the kindling of fire by rubbing stones, the manufacture of weapons in their hands and utensils made of stone and the practice of clothing some of the simple technological developments of the utmost importance. A portion of the population Stone Age technology developed ocean worthy vessels dugout to get from one place to another across the ocean, through which they developed their first formal education of knowledge of ocean currents to migrate weather conditions, sailing, space and sky charts. During the period of early Stone Age (Neolithic), for agricultural practice, polished stone tools from a variety of largely hard rock by digging underground tunnels, which can be viewed as first steps made of mining technology. The polished axes were so effective that even after the appearance of bronze and iron, that people accustomed to the deforestation and the development of agricultural crops.

Although the Stone Age cultures left no written records, but archaeological evidence has demonstrated the transition from nomadic to agricultural settlement. Old tools in various museums, cave paintings, like the cave of Altamira in Spain and other prehistoric art, like the Venus of Willendorf, Goddess Mother of the Laussel, France held, etc some of the evidence for their harvest.

Neolithic revolution of the Stone Age to the Bronze Age gave rise to the development of agriculture, the domestication of animals and adoption of permanent rules. For these people developed Bronze Age smelting, copper and later bronze practices are an alloy of tin and copper, the materials of their choice.

The people of the Iron Age replaced the Bronze and developed the knowledge of iron smelting technology to reduce the cost of living, since the iron utensils were stronger and cheaper than their equivalents in bronze. In many cultures of the Eurasian Iron Age, the last time before the development of scripts was written.

Educational technology at the time of the ancient civilizations
According to Paul Sättler 2004, educational technology back to the time when tribal priests systematized bodies of knowledge of ancient cultures invented pictographs or characters to capture in writing and submit information to be returned. In every stage of human civilization, we find a teaching technique or a series of procedures that a particular culture, which were also supported by numerous investigations and witness statements to implement. The most advanced culture, technology education has become more complex to particular forms of individual and social behavior should reflect a company formed to market. Over the centuries, every change in the transmission of values ??and goals to various learning technologies has led.

The greatest advances in technology and engineering came with the rise of ancient civilizations. These developments stimulated and brought up other companies in the world to live new species and governance.

The Indus civilization was a civilization of the Bronze Age in the northwestern Indian subcontinent was. Civilization mainly to the Indus basin of the Indus and the Punjab region, the Ghaggar-Hakra valley of the river Yamuna and the Ganges Doab extends flourished (the majority of Pakistan today and extends below the western states of India and parts of present-day civilization in southern Afghanistan, and the eastern part of Baluchistan, Iran).

There is a controversy in the long run to be sure the language of the Harappan people spoke. It is assumed that their writing was at least seems to be one or pictographs. The script seems to have about 400 base characters, with many variations. People write their scripts with the general direction, from right to left. Most of the writing was found on the seals, which were probably used in trade and official and administrative work.

Harappan people had to measure the knowledge of tools, length, mass and time. They were the first in the world to a system of uniform weights and measures to develop.

In a study by P. N. Rao et al. in 2009, published in Science, the researchers found that the computer of the Indus script-like model of spoken words, supporting the proposed hypothesis, that for a language as yet unknown.

According to the Chinese civilization, are some of the most important techno-China paper, at the beginning of the seismic detectors, toilet paper, matches, iron plow, the multi-tube seed drill, the suspension bridge, the wheelbarrow, the parachute, natural gas as fuel, the magnetic compass, the raised-relief, the blast furnace, the propeller, the crossbow, the southward-looking car, and gunpowder. With the invention of paper they gave their first step towards the development of educational technology continue to grow different products handmade paper as a means of visual aids.

Ancient Egyptian language was at one point one of the longest surviving and languages ??in the world. Your scenario is called hieroglyphics from photographs of real objects such as birds, animals, various tools, etc. These images are in the vernacular. Their language was more than 500 hieroglyphs that are known as hieroglyphics composed. On stone monuments or tombs, which offers discovered and rescued at the last evidence of the existence of many forms of art hieroglyphics in ancient Egypt.

Educational technology during the Middle Ages and Modern Times
Paper, paperboard and pulp, that was in China during the second Century AD, developed at the beginning, was conducted in the Middle East and has expanded to the Mediterranean by the Muslim conquests. Prove that the support of a paper mill was also in the 12th Founded century in Sicily. The discovery of the wheel has risen again, the productivity of the process of acquisition of a large part, and when Lynn White said the Wheel: Increase the supply of rags, this led to the production of cheap paper, which was an important factor in the development of printing technology.

The invention of printing was in about 1450 AD by Johannes Gutenberg, German inventor instead. The invention of printing was an important factor of development in the history of educational technology teaching to the needs of society and deliver complex high-tech agriculture.

In the pre-industrial phase, while the only manual work in industry and crafts educational processes are strongly supported on simple things such as slate, horn book, slate and limestone. It was a textbook with a few simple illustrations limited. Educational technology is seen as synonymous with simple tools such as graphics and photos.

The year 1873 can be viewed as a milestone in the history of the beginnings of educational technology and audio-visual education. An exhibition in Vienna at an international level, has in an American school won the admiration of educators rather than for the exhibition of maps, charts, books and other equipment.

Maria Montessori (1870-1952), tutor to the children and the internationally renowned founder of the Montessori method was a dynamic impact on educational technology through the development of materials developed, calibrated to provide for the sequencing of the good subject for every student. Modern technology education proposes the extension of many idea Montessori environment for children who are centered.

In1833, presented the design of Charles Babbage, a general purpose computing device, the foundation of modern computing, and in 1943 the first calculating machine was built by Hello Design of International Business Machines Corporation of America. The computer-assisted instruction (CAI), where the computer functions was primarily as a teacher and author of Talking type developed by OK Moore in 1966. Since 1974, interest in teaching computers to schools, colleges and universities may be used.

In the early 19th Century, there were significant changes in the field of education. British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), from the beginning of the school year programs in 1920, kept the fast pace of the contribution made by his formal education. In the United States in 1952, 20 states had regulations for educational broadcasting. Parallel to this point, about 98% of schools in Britain were equipped with radios and there were regular daily programs.

Sidney L. Pressey, a psychologist at Ohio State University has developed a self-learning machine called “Drum Tutor” in 1920. Professor Skinner, but called in “Science of Learning and the art of teaching” his famous article in 1945 published figures for the application of knowledge from behavioral psychology in the classroom procedures and propose mechanisms for Automated Learning as a means to do so.

Although the first practical application of the regular television was in Germany in 1929 and the 1936 Berlin Olympics were broadcast by television stations in Berlin, began the open-circuit television are used primarily for broadcasting entertainment programs in 1950. Since 1960, the television is used for educational purposes.

In 1950 used Brynmor, England, educational technology steps for the first time. It is to be treated in 1960, after the industrial revolution in America and Russia, started forward, other countries in the repository of educational technology. Took in this way at the beginning of educational technology in 1960 from America and Russia and now he reached England, Europe and India.

During the time of the order of 1950, a new technocracy attraction of turning point for education, if there is a sudden shortage of teachers in America, and an urgent need of educational technology was felt. Dr. Alvin C. Eurich and a little later, his partner, Dr. Alexander J. Stoddard led the technology of mass production in the U.S..

Team-teaching has its roots in America in the mid-1950s and in 1955 at Harvard University as part of the course start outline.

In 1956, Benjamin Bloom of the United States taxonomy of learning objectives established by their publication, “The Taxonomy of educational objectives, the classification of educational goals, Handbook I:. Cognitive Domain”

In 1961, Micro teaching method was first adopted by Dwight W. Allen and his colleagues at Stanford University in the United States.

The electronics are the main technologies in the early 21 A century. Broadband Internet access became popular and occupied almost all the important offices and places of education and even in everyday life in developed countries, with the advantage of linking computers at home with music libraries and mobile phones.

Classroom of today is more of a technology lab, a room with rows of students connected to the Internet or via Wi-Fi enabled laptops, PDAs, notebook, or perhaps visiting students a video conference or a virtual classroom or a podcast or a video to follow the conference have listened. Rapid technological changes in education have created new ways of teaching and learning. Technological change has also called on teachers to improve a variety of information via the Internet worldwide access to their lessons and make them professional body’s decision. At the same time, students can cope with the vast resources of the Internet to enrich their learning experiences, with the trend in society. One day the teacher and students in seminars, conferences, workshops nationally and internationally, multimedia, technological resources such as PowerPoint and they are pursuing a variety of important courses of their choice in the online mode by remote means of learning. E-learning institutions has countless doors of opportunity for the students of today happier than ever in her life opened before.

Thanks to technology to collect and test software interface directly with the computer, the data capture device information from a variety of sensor types and assimilate them in easy-to-interpret graphical representations. This information can be monitored while they have collected or stored for later use. This makes the creation of reports and presentations much easier.

The real-time nature of the data displayed more of these devices that control the information on how they can be detected by the sensors. This is a much more immediate results of experience and a clearer understanding of the causes and possible consequences of these data are collected.

A data-logging devices that have considerable advantages in the field of physics, biology, environmental science and chemistry offers, is the vision of smart sense. This process is part of a new family of compact recorder, the data can be simultaneously and is compatible with a variety of sensors.

These devices have a touch-screen color display software that mimics the PC software. This particular unit has a USB port so that users connect most devices like mouse or keyboard. The stored data can also be printed directly from him or copied to another storage device via the USB interface.

The most advanced data logger type graph can also directly via the display monitor or a projector for more transparency and exposure. Sensors attached to the equipment itself are identified and calibrated to allow configuring the entire system fast and easy to use.

The use of lithium-ion batteries give the life of these devices to load. The recording software is more advanced data easy and intuitive to learn and takes very little time. This makes teaching students a little easier because they do not with teaching their students how to use a complex system to deal before the start of the teaching of science subjects. Data are stored on the device can be stored and then used directly from the software on the PC.

Data collection is now more than ever, scientists an invaluable tool with data collection devices such as vision. The graphics in real time, is the type of data collected now even easier to understand and gives students who have problems, simple digital data to the benefit of a clear and easily understood visual representation, which can greatly accelerate the learning process are.

As the Consortium for School Networking (Cosne) states in its TCO White Paper “While delivering many government and private programs, resources, the technology to get schools, there are few provisions necessary for the continued support of school districts technologies., The installed much of the technology to the classroom is to be aware management and community communication functions quickly to the problems and need support budget for the continuous support costs. “These funds are often the last priority of each school unit.

Rotating with the threat of the elimination of federal funding for the E-Rate and EETT (improving education through technology) funds must, districts find their own sources of reliable and sustained funding, and state and federal leaders would do well to help to calculate and consider the total cost of ownership. The whole look is a necessity.

General budget support technology

Is a compound the dilemma of financing many educational leaders have yet to recognize that technology is no longer a separate unit. Use of technology is an everyday occurrence in every school in every district, at one level or another. Unfortunately, many politicians in general education is not their budgets revised to best practice technology improves the work and objectives of local education agencies (LEAs) to support. Managers, the technology a “black hole” (as the administrator has once told me) to look tucked his head in the sand and must be trained or trained.

Those who are to set the budget for the General Fund to the success of the districts, the budgets for education and new ways of working have to be informed. These districts use technology to increase operational efficiency and student learning before, to save money and to educate students well, and helps to meet No Child Left Behind mandates:

One of the strongest organizations in high school districts west of the Mississippi River is the Western States Benchmarking Consortium. These districts consistently score above the standard tests have higher graduation rates and dropout rates were lower compared with demographics similar and dissimilar. All these school districts were the first, the technology makes its own, and I support it to teachers, pupils and their sales teams.
Deputy Superintendent John Q. Porter public schools in Montgomery County, an exceptional school district on the east coast, said in the June issue of District Administration magazine, “Our enemy is time, and technology is the only way [to combat this fight] . Yet there are people who do not understand the importance of technology, because it is one of the first things you see in the technology is that technology is changing, fear. those who do not understand in the development of systems not the dynamics of change. ”
Two years ago, Poway Unified School District will hire 32 new teachers. The engineering department used its data warehousing tool to demonstrate that the district leadership they needed only 25 teachers. The officers followed their advice, instead of old patterns and estimate proved correct. The district saved over $ 350,000 in salary – more than the cost of installing the data warehouse.
Assessments of students have changed. Trish Williams and Michael Kirst, in her article, “school practices that count” (Leadership Magazine, March / April 2006), the state must have high-performing districts evaluations that meet state standards and the ability to learn quickly, teachers have the results. Online assessments provide decision makers with a choice of how to properly assess students to support learning, with 24 hours or faster reporting of results. This should be common practice to support students and to meet NCLB mandates are.

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Every household, although the project or service must be completely revised, to see how to support the technology and the end product even more successful. Moreover, politicians have always new innovations that appear in the near future and analyze how these new tools will impact education programs in their local educational agencies endeavor. Everything must be in a continuous learning and working together to see how we can help a student on the path to permanent spiritual growth. Here are some steps on the way to start the proper use of the general fund to support technology.

Funding, where there are no

Step 1: Assessment and Prioritization

Data-driven decision making is an essential part of this first stage. Generally there are three areas where the data should be collected: educational requirements and corporate infrastructure to support these claims, and equipment and software necessary to meet these requirements.

Education requirements and the economy: they must be motivated by the goals of the district, community expectations, the state and federal mandates, funding constraints and union leadership. The expectations are higher for the districts to produce students who perform well on standardized tests and have good citizenship. The business side of education is learning activities that support these expectations.
The infrastructure to support these claims: LEA infrastructure “consists of several components, each two to three years, the components must be tested phones to evaluate data, alarms, network and physical condition of buildings to understand.. what repairs and improvements are necessary. The financing is in many states in deferred maintenance and operational funding, and less maintenance. If a comprehensive plan developed and followed, is to districts, the key component for the support of education, will be determined .
Hardware and software to meet these requirements: the first two fields can take place, made an intelligent decision about the purchase of software, computers and other devices that work with existing infrastructure and meet the educational requirements and business district.

Achieving these goals may require more than a year. It is also very likely that the objectives change over time. It is wise, therefore, create a multi-year plan is agile and adaptable.

A portion of the supporting technology, maintenance, replacement or obsolescence funds usually supplied by the county general fund with electricity. All too often, the majority of technology dollars are spent simply maintaining the status quo. The challenge is the need for further growth in the areas of technology for online assessments address, home-school communication, 24 / 7 access to learning resources and e-learning or distance.

Step 2: Partnerships

LEA can benefit from partnerships with local and national companies in two ways. First, companies use general funds to support the technology and entrepreneurs can share the financing and maintenance of best practices with educational leaders. Two business partners can donate equipment or money to support technological innovation in education.

Genuine partnerships to support all those involved. These partnerships can be large or small, because any amount of funding will help. Large companies often have several different funding sources. For example, IBM has initiated an academic alliance with the Association of Teachers of Computer Science, offer free software and program planning. Intel offers many programs, including Microsoft. Small businesses, even mom and pop donut shop can and will assist the local school.

Step 3: Form Foundations

When a community understands the financial constraints of their local districts, they are often willing to provide financial support for the establishment of a foundation. While foundations are generally useful, they should be avoided for the individual school sites, because they generally increase the inequalities that already exist. Schools in wealthier districts have foundations, the $ 100 increase to 000 or more per year, while schools in poorer areas may not be $ 5000 and have no basis, and are obviously not in a position to support their learning projects for students.

Step 4: new uses of old technologies

Thin client (a network computer without a hard drive that is designed to particularly small for the bulk of the data processing performed on the server) is a way of old appliances use to run new software, where old computers can be “dumb terminals” and market introduction of new applications on the server. This solution requires a solid foundation and structure of the network server, but can reduce replacement and technological needs of support staff.

Step 5: Give Grant a chance

Where are the grants? Too many politicians and educational leaders, especially in secondary schools, do not realize that the provincial and federal supplementary grants are much easier to achieve if the number of free lunches and 40 percent or more. It is important for educators to provide accurate data and a high proportion in this area have funding sources such as E-rate, EETT or other sources. In addition, rinse aid, the general fund raise to support student learning through technology.

The road to the Ed Tech offer

The funding from the general budget needs to be realigned to the needs of local education authorities to meet. This is both the aspects of learning and business schools. These funds may initially need extra support, but educators need to be aware of the benefits of technology. We need to commit funds for the intelligent educational growth of all our children.

Equipment Leasing

Last year, the Poway Unified School District to replace up to about 3,000 Windows 95 computers. These computers would not run the browser for the reporting tool of data or the majority of teachers websites. Memory and speed of computers have not been sufficient to cover most business software in educational institutions available to run on their network (WAN) and Local Area Networks (LAN).

The district had less than $ 1,000,000 per year for this project. Leasing was discussed. The amount of the district had been the support is pending, the question was, could guarantee a lease, a seller of a fixed dollar amount over several years in order to ensure the area is also a continuous stream of technological equipment making days?

The district received a four-year lease with three suppliers, with an agreement to run four years ago to the machine with a new lease. Additional cost savings are the maintenance contract – the supplier’s liability for repairs during the rental period.

Thin client

Areas of New York and New Jersey have discovered how the thin client technology to use old computer back. During the late 1990s, has a thin client as too slow and too expensive to be rejected useful in most school districts. This perception changed in the economy, such as in education, with increased speed of the network over the WAN and LAN technologies and huge cost savings from server.

Store in a thin client workstations not the programs, but for all to receive from a server (a server for about 20 jobs). If servers are $ 20 000 per, it was too expensive. Today, the cost to support servers, thin clients can be over $ 3500, which allows fast communication with workstations and a solution to reduce costs.

Total Cost of Ownership

As political leaders, the real cost of support to find equipment? The Consortium for School Networking (Cosne) and the Gartner Group has an online tool that help in estimating the costs for the different levels of technology.

IPad Apps

Schools are increasingly enable students to use their iPad and iPod Touch in the classroom and therefore this type of educational applications are growing by leaps and bounds. Compiled specifically for students with special needs, see iPhone, iPhone Apps and Special Education, a list of experts in assistive technology and broken into categories such as math, writing, art, etc. These applications are truly changed my life students with special needs.

Also be sure to consider “The iPad. A miracle in the Middle My Autistic Son” Written from the perspective of the mother through the use of his autistic son of tools and educational applications. It offers excellent suggestions and even videos of his son with a variety of applications.

There are many applications for students in middle and high schools on their iPads that learning to help interactive and attractive. Elements (exploration of the Periodic Table), and the equation Alien (games to teach mathematics), are just some of the applications that could benefit students.

There are so many new educational applications appear every day, it would be wise to first investigations, especially those teachers who have their seal of approval attached check. I Education Apps Review has a collection that you should get started.

Mobile apps for students with ADHD

I spend a lot of my time with students in order to help them with management skills of paper and time. Learning was definitely a two way process, that my students are always with me her favorite features of the phone, which shared the benefits of their learning, time management and study skills. Other than the basics, such as calendars and alarms, here are some of their favorites:

Cameras

Need I say more? If they are entitled to carry their phones in class, then use the camera to take photos of the board or SMART Board after class, so they do not miss important class notes or tasks. In addition, photos can also be useful as a visual reminder of what a student needs to be done to serve. For example, a photo presentation of soccer equipment students as a reminder of what action should be packed before leaving the practice.

Text messaging

Yes, you heard me right. Students can get directly to Google SMS definitions, facts and sent to the phone conversations. Online task lists such as Remember the Milk (Love!) can recall alerts or instant message students an upcoming project, delay testing or appointment. Students can even get index cards and study learning materials directly to their mobile phones to them wherever they are.

Although many of theses technologies are used to help students with special needs, they are really useful for rationalizing every student in search of skilled techniques to the educational world.

However, the speed and the methods that we use to absorb information has not changed, but our approach and the ways we interact with information has changed.

As humans, we process information the same way we always have – through our five senses. Of Education, we usually leave our eyes, ears and touch. If you have a smartphone or mobile phone (especially one iPad), you have incredible educational tool in your hands. Why, you ask? Because it is interactive and multi-sensory.

How iPad another computer, is another question you might ask? Here are my top five reasons why an iPad is more than an ordinary computer and even textbooks when it comes to learning.

First No mouse! As quickly as we all get the concept of moving a cursor on the screen, it’s still an extra step to the information from the brain to travel around the device and vice versa. If a child uses his fingers to manipulate information or draw a letter or form, there is no additional step of the mouse get in the way.

Second No Strings! You can have an iPhone or iPad with you. In fact, this whole question – the technology on the go. You can learn from anywhere – not just a school desk or kitchen table.

Third No more books! Well, I love books and have thousands of them, but you can do everything from Spanish to mathematics, learn to write grammar, all with one machine, without a bag or backpack full of books brewed lug.

4th Shorter waiting times! App installation is much faster than installing software on a computer.

5th Less cost! Frankly, I think the applications are too expensive, but why not take advantage, while this trend. Take for example a foreign language … You can book one for $ 50 or more, or buy computer software for upwards of $ 200 or more to learn, help your child a new language. Or you can buy an app for $ 4.99. It is simply amazing technology at rock bottom prices.

TIP – (! And should you, if you have the technology) When buying Apps for Education, so be sure to your iPhone or iPad to iTunes backup so you can re-install if it is already deleted accidentally or replace the device with a new one.